Internet & Wi‑Fi basics
ISP
Your Internet Service Provider. In Canada that might be Rogers, Bell, Telus, Shaw, Videotron, or a smaller provider that resells infrastructure.
Modem
The device that connects your home to your ISP. If it’s unplugged, you typically have no internet at all.
Router
The device that creates your home network (Wi‑Fi). A common step is connecting modem → router with an Ethernet cable. Guide: Set up Wi‑Fi at home.
2.4 GHz vs 5 GHz
Two Wi‑Fi “bands.” 2.4 GHz usually reaches farther; 5 GHz is usually faster near the router. In condos, 5 GHz can be more stable because it’s less crowded, but walls reduce its range.
Security terms you’ll actually see
HTTPS
Encrypted connection between your browser and the website. Helpful, but it does not prove the site is legitimate. Guide: Safer browsing basics.
2FA / MFA
Two‑factor or multi‑factor authentication. A second step after your password (app code, hardware key, or SMS). It helps a lot if your password leaks.
Passphrase
A long password made of words. A good passphrase is easier to type and often stronger than a short complex password.
DNS
The system that turns a website name into an IP address. Some services can block known malicious domains at the DNS level. Canadian option: CIRA Canadian Shield.
VPN
A tool that encrypts and routes your traffic through another server. It can help on untrusted networks, but it’s not a magic security shield. The basics still matter: updates, domain checks, and backups.
Backup and storage terms
Cloud backup
A copy of your data stored online (for example iCloud or Google Backup). It’s convenient because it’s off‑site. Guide: Simple backup plan.
External drive
A physical drive you plug into your computer. It’s useful for a second copy that you control.
Restore
The process of getting your data back. A backup is only truly “done” when you can restore at least one file successfully.
Photo organization
Albums
Collections that help you separate documents and receipts from personal memories. Guide: Organize photos on your phone.